CIPAR

Centre for Infection Prevention and Antimicrobial Resistance

CIPAR
About Us

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to human health and has far-reaching implications in the global economy and security. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has developed the Global Action Plan to tackle AMR (GAP-AMR) in 2015 to promote and facilitate standardized antimicrobial resistance surveillance worldwide, and to ensure the continued efficacy and safety of quality-assured medicines for treatment and prevention of infectious diseases. Containing AMR still remains a high priority as declared by the UN General Assembly on Global Health in 2019. Locally, the HKSAR government has launched the Hong Kong Strategy and Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance since 2017 and has outlined further strategies in their Plan for 2023 -2027 in mitigating AMR to ultimately reverse the trend of the emergence of AMR pathogens in Hong Kong.

We believe that collaborative efforts from all sectors are required to combat AMR, from the general public to the healthcare, research & development profession. While the healthcare sector continues to perform infection control and provide information for surveillance and research, new drug development and treatment regimes shed light to alternative commodities on treating multi-drug resistant microorganisms (MDRO) and tackling AMR.

We believe prevention is better than cure. Public education is just as important for the community to realize the potential risk of MDRO and the importance of responsible medication to alleviate AMR burden as a means of infection prevention.

Our Mission

Our mission is to lead innovative research in antimicrobial resistance through interdisciplinary collaboration, encompassing microbiology, epidemiology, and behavioural health. By embracing a holistic ‘One Health’ approach, we aim to highlight the interconnection among human, animal, and environmental health, positioning the University at the forefront of transformative solutions and groundbreaking discoveries in the fight against AMR.

Our Vision

Our vision is to stand as a leading force in antimicrobial resistance research in Hong Kong and Asia, shaping a future where our region benefits from integrated knowledge and collaborative efforts. We aspire for a Hong Kong and Asia resilience to the threats of resistant pathogens, safeguarding the health and well-being of our communities.

Collaborators

Directors

Professor Margaret Ip

Founding Director

Professor Kin On Kwok

Deputy Director

Advisors

Professor Sunny Wong

Singapore

Professor Peter Hawkey

UK

Professor Irina Artsimovich

US

Staff

Professor Zigui Chen

Professor Xiao Yang

Professor Chris KC Lai

Professor Rita WY Ng

Professor Siaw S Boon

Professor Sishuo Wang

Donation
Research

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the most significant public health threats of our era, jeopardizing the efficacy of crucial medications and escalating the vulnerability of populations to infectious diseases. Our proposed research unit is uniquely positioned to address this challenge, leveraging the expertise of our team across three key research themes, including：

Microbial Genomics & Metagenomics
Infection Prevention
Drug Discovery

While there are numerous research units within the University, our unit stands distinct with its specific functions and scope uncharted in existing units. By focusing on the interdisciplinary collaboration of microbiology, epidemiology, and behavioural health, we aim to pioneer comprehensive studies on antimicrobial resistance, infection control, drug discovery, and AMR in food animals. This holistic “One Health” approach not only underscores the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health but also promises to significantly augment the University’s research capacity, placing us at the vanguard of groundbreaking discoveries and innovative solutions in the realm of AMR [3].

Team Members
  • Professor Margaret Ip (Principal Investigator)
  • Dr. Carmen Li (Scientific Officer)
  • Dr. Nilakshi Barua (Scientific Officer)
  • Ms Coral WS Lee (Technician)

Scope of Work
Our research interest focuses on the molecular epidemiology and resistance determinants of multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs), encompassing methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), carbapenems-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), Streptococcus pneumoniae and Group B Streptococcus. We employ microbial genomics and phenotypic methods to investigate these organisms. Additionally, we are committed to developing rapid tests and novel methods for bacterial detection and typing, as well as devising innovative treatment modalities. Our research also involves studying carrier species using advanced techniques like next-generation sequencing including metagenome and resistome analyses. Leveraging our genome data, we can explore novel molecules, such as peptides, for antibacterial investigation. Our team leader, Professor Margaret Ip, is a clinical microbiologist and Professor in the Department of Microbiology at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. She has published over 200 peer-reviewed journals and raised over 28 million HKD in the recent five years as Principal Investigator in academic research funding projects related to infectious disease and antimicrobial resistance.

Ongoing Research and Funds
  • Transmission Dynamics of Enterobacteriaceae producing extended spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenemases in a household setting in Hong Kong (Co-I, RGC#24104920)
  • One Health approach to Track and Target Antimicrobial (TnTAMR) (PI, HMRF#6905095)
  • A multifaceted approach in advancing infection control and prevention practices in residential care homes for the elderly (RCHEs) in Hong Kong (PI, CID)
  • Multi-disciplinary Approaches to Tackle the Global Public Health Threat of Hypervirulent and Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae (Co-I, TRF#8770008)

Social Impact
Our research output had been presented in international conferences and published in esteemed academic proceedings, facilitating knowledge exchange and scholarly discussions. Our students have been awarded travel grants and knowledge exchange grants to pursue overseas training opportunities, leveraging findings from our studies. Locally, our investigation has provided substantial information that has proven instrumental in infection control and prevention measures. Furthermore, our research has played a pivotal role in promoting awareness on antimicrobial resistance and promoting responsible antibiotic usage in clinical settings.

Medals and Invention
  • Bronze Medal at Special Edition 2021: Invention Geneva Evaluation Days, Mar 2021
  • Invention: QuickCAS: An easy-to-use analysis system for quick detection of infectious pathogens in clinical samples. ZHANG Li (PI), Joseph J. Y. Sung, Philip W. Y. Chiu, Sunny H. Wong, Margaret Ip, Lidong Yang, Wai Shing Liu, Kai Fung Chan.

Committed Collaborators
  • Luo Mingjing (Centre for Synthetic Microbiome Institute: Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
  • Dulmini Sapugahawatte Nanayakkara (Estonia University of Life Sciences, Estonia)
  • Nannur Rahman (Mawlana Bhashani Science & Technology University, Bangladesh)
  • Veranja Liyanapathirana (University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Team Members
  • Professor Kin On Kwok (Principal Investigator)
  • Dr. Vivian Wi Wei (Postdoctoral Fellow)
  • Dr. Cyrus LK Leung (Postdoctoral Fellow)
 
Scope of Work
Our research in infection prevention encompasses a comprehensive approach to combatting infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We focus on developing robust infection control strategies, including the study of transmission dynamics, the implementation of effective hygiene practices, and the optimization of environmental cleaning and healthcare infrastructure. Additionally, we delve into the psychological aspects of AMR, particularly in understanding the factors influencing vaccination behaviors and addressing vaccine hesitancy, which are crucial in controlling the spread of resistant infections. Complementing these efforts, our team is dedicated to AMR serology and surveillance, studying the immune response to multidrug-resistant organisms and monitoring antibiotic usage and resistance trends. This surveillance is vital for early detection of emerging resistance patterns, informing treatment guidelines, and shaping infection control policies. Our integrated approach in these areas aims to enhance public health efforts and contribute significantly to the global fight against infectious diseases and AMR.

Ongoing Research and Funds
Acquisition of Multidrug Resistant Organisms among Travelers in Hong Kong: Prevalence, Determinants and Persistence (HMRF#18170312) A multifaceted approach in advancing infection control and prevention practices in residential care homes for the elderly (RCHEs) in Hong Kong (HMRF#CID-CUHK-A) Assessing the impact of possible interventions against extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases in Hong Kong communities using a household study and mathematical models (ECS#24104920) Improving infection control practices in residential care homes for the elderly in Hong Kong: a lesson from COVID-19 (HMRF#COVID1903008D) Quantifying contact patterns of the general population in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond (HMRF#22210232)  

Social Impact
Our research focusing on infectious disease epidemiology unravels the dynamics of disease spread, emphasizing the importance of tailored prevention practices and healthcare improvements. Our focus on epidemiology, surveillance, and prevention of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and other diseases contributes to refining public health strategies and guidelines. We will either host or co-organize a regional conference with other research platforms. Furthermore, we will actively disseminate our findings through prestigious journals, presentations at international conferences, press releases, and direct communication with the public via social media. This concerted effort informs policies, guides treatment decisions, prevents outbreaks, increases public awareness, optimizes antibiotic use, supports research, and facilitates global surveillance, marking a significant stride in the battle against infectious diseases and AMR.

Press Release
  1. CU Medicine Announces the Community Response Study Results During the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Hong Kong
  2. Assessment of Omicron outbreak in Hong Kong after reimplementation of some of the toughest social distancing measures effective from 7 January
  3. A joint HKU-CUHK study finds that smoking increases the risk of COVID-19
  4. CUHK study advises residential care homes for the elderly to maintain current infection control practices
  5. CUHK finds high intention in Hong Kong to keep wearing masks and using alcohol-based sanitiser but low intention to receive a booster shot in the current era of COVID-19 endemicity
  6. CU Medicine finds from free-text narratives that COVID-19 symptoms change with virus mutations and vaccination status, and demonstrates AI large language models contribute to infectious disease research
Team Members
  • Professor Xiao YANG (Principal Investigator)
  • Dr. Adrian CHU (Research Associate)
  • Dr. Tsz Fung TSANG (Postdoctoral Fellow)
  • Dr. Hantian FANG (Postdoctoral Fellow)

Scope of Work
A key issue contributing to the Antibiotic Crisis is the lack of available novel drugs that can effectively combat emerging drug-resistant pathogens, in part due to unsustainable models of antibiotic R&D. Building upon her expertise in bacterial transcription factors, Prof Xiao Yang pioneered in the development of first-in-class antimicrobial agents targeting novel pathways vital to bacterial viability using AI-assisted technologies in drug design, significantly reducing time and costs incurred during early pre-clinical stages. The result is a collection of advanced, patent-protected drug pipelines with good activity against drug-resistant bacterial pathogens of clinical significance. Our research focus thus encompasses the full spectrum in translational drug discovery, ranging from target identification, mechanistic validation, biological characterisation all the way to the evaluation of safety and efficacy in animal models of disease, with a particular interest in tackling resistance emergence and attenuating virulence in “superbugs”.

Ongoing Research and Funds
  • TSU23MED13: PI, Technology Start-up Support Scheme for Universities (TSSSU-O), Ynno Med Limited. $500,000 HKD, 04/2023-03/2024.
  • TSU23MED18: PI, Technology Start-up Support Scheme for Universities (TSSSU), Ynno Med Limited. $600,000 HKD, 04/2022-03/2023.
  • 6906524 (Project Ref.: 21200752): PI, Health and Medical Research Fund (HMRF) 2021, “Evaluation of Chemical Inhibitors Targeting the Interaction between Bacterial RNA Polymerase and Transcription Factor NusA as Novel Antimicrobial Agents against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)”, $ 1,198,728 HKD, 03/10/2022-02/10/2024.
  • 2141270 (Project Ref.: 14113722): PI, General Research Fund (GRF) 2022/23, “Discovering bacterial transcription inhibitors as novel antimicrobial agents”, $1,179,235 HKD, 01/01/2023-31/12/2025.
  • 6906467 (Project Ref.: MRP/038/21X): PI, Midstream Research Programme for Universities (MRP) 2021, “Development of first-in-class antimicrobial agents with novel mode of action towards antibiotic drug candidates”, Innovation and Technology Commission, $5.1M HKD, 01/04/2022- 30/09/2024.
  • 6906103 (Project Ref.: 20190032): PI, Health and Medical Research Fund (HMRF) 2020, “Antimicrobial activities of the Novel Bacterial Transcription Inhibitor against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)”, Food and Health Bureau, $1,198,728 HKD, 01/10/2021-30/09/2023.
  • 2141160 (Project Ref.: 14100120): PI, General Research Fund (GRF) 2020/21, “Activity evaluation and mechanistic studies of nusbiarylins, bacterial ribosomal RNA synthesis inhibitors as novel antimicrobial agents”, Research Grants Council, $996,285 HKD, 01/01/2021-30/06/2024.
  • 2300186 (Project Ref.: C5008-19GF): Co-PI, Collaborative Research Fund (CRF) 2019/20, “Study of Inhibitors Targeting Bacterial RNA Polymerase Holoenzyme Formation as Novel Antimicrobial Agents”, Research Grants Council, $4,974,462 total ($2.95 M attributed to CUHK; $1 M attributed to Co-PI Yang) HKD, 01/06/2020-31/05/2023.
  • 6905586 (Project Ref.: 19180052): PI, Health and Medical Research Fund (HMRF) 2019, “The Effects of Novel Synthetic Antimicrobial Agents on the Pathogenicity of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)”, Food and Health Bureau, $1,184,736 HKD, 05/10/2020-04/03/2023.
  • 2141115 (Project Ref.: 14107919): PI, General Research Fund (GRF) 2019/20, “Evaluation and mechanistic characterization of bacterial transcription initiation inhibitors as novel antimicrobial agents”, Research Grants Council, $830,136 HKD, 01/01/2020-30/12/2022.
  • 6904724 (Project Ref.: 17160152): PI, Health and Medical Research Fund (HMRF) 2017, “Development and Evaluation of Novel Synthetic Bacterial Ribosomal RNA Transcription Inhibitors as Antimicrobials against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)”, Food and Health Bureau, $1,180,400 HKD, 01/04/2018-31/03/2020. Final report submitted.
  • 2141019 (Project Ref.: 14165917): PI, General Research Fund (GRF) 2016/17, “Structure Determination of Bacterial Transcription Complex for Antimicrobial Development”, Research Grants Council, $947,389 HKD, 01/01/2018-31/12/2020. (code 2141019). Final report submitted.

Social Impact
Aside from being widely disseminated at international conferences, competitions, exhibitions, trade fairs, and esteemed journal publications, our research output saw extensive knowledge transfer through the incorporation of a university spin-off start-up company and its associated fund-raising activities. Our strong portfolio of antimicrobial candidate pipelines garnered much interest and support from a broad range of investors and partners. Our team members frequently traveled overseas for training opportunities, knowledge exchange as well as networking with potential industry collaborators at various events.  

Medals and Invention
  • TechConnect 2019 Innovation Award: “New antibiotic drug candidates”
  • Winner (Category: Science Start-ups / Falling Walls Venture) at Falling Walls Science Breakthrough of the Year 2023
  • Bronze Medal at the 48th International Exhibition of Inventions Geneva: “Novel antibiotic candidates”

Patents
Antimicrobial Compounds and Methods of Use
  • US Provisional Application No. 63/579,550 (filed on 30 August 2023)
Compounds with antimicrobial activities (MC4)
  • US 11,479,529 B2;
  • CN 111971271 B;
  • EP 3 737 664 A4;
  • JP 2021-510143 A
N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives with Antimicrobial Activity
  • US 2022/0306592 A1; CN 114286817 A

Publications

  1. Nag S, Larsen G, Szarvas J, Birkedahl LEK, Gulyás GM, Ciok WJ, Lagermann TM, Tafaj S, Bradbury S, Collignon P, Daley D, Dougnon V, Fabiyi K, Coulibaly B, Dembélé R, Nikiema G, Magloire N, Ouindgueta IJ, Hossain ZZ, Begum A, Donchev D, Diggle M, Turnbull L, Lévesque S, Berlinger L, Sogaard KK, Guevara PD, Valderrama CD, Maikanti P, Amlerova J, Drevinek P, Tkadlec J, Dilas M, Kaasch A, Westh HT, Bachtarzi MA, Amhis W, Salazar CES, Villacis J, Lúzon MAD, Palau DB, Duployez C, Paluche M, Asante-Sefa S, Moller M, Ip M, Mareković I, Pál-Sonnevend A, Cocuzza CE, Dambrauskiene A, Macanze A, Cossa A, Mandomando I, Nwajiobi-Princewill P, Okeke IN, Kehinde AO, Adebiyi I, Akintayo I, Popoola O, Onipede A, Blomfeldt A, Nyquist NE, Bocker K, Ussher J, Ali A, Ullah N, Khan H, Gustafson NW, Jarrar I, Al-Hamad A, Luvira V, Paveenkittiporn W, Baran I, Mwansa JCL, Sikakwa L, Yamba K, Hendriksen RS, Aarestrup FM.. Whole genomes from bacteria collected at diagnostic units around the world 2020. Sci Data. 2023 Sep 16;10(1):628. doi: 10.1038/s41597-023-02502-7.
  2. Cheung MK, Ng RWY, Lai CKC, Zhu C, Au ETK, Yau JWK, Li C, Wong HC, Wong BCK, Kwok KO, Chen Z, Chan PKS, Lui GCY, Ip M.. Alterations in faecal microbiome and resistome in Chinese international travellers: a metagenomic analysis. J Travel Med. 2023 Mar 2:taad027. doi: 10.1093/jtm/taad027. Online ahead of print.
  3. Karlowsky JA, Lob SH, Khan TK, Chen WT, Woo PCY, Seto WH, Ip M, Leung SWM, Wong QW, Chau RWY, DeRyke CA, Young K, Motyl MR, Sahm DF.. Carbapenem resistance among Gram-negative isolates collected from patients in ICU and non-ICU hospital wards in Hong Kong: SMART 2017-2020. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2023 Jun;33:260-266. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.04.004. Epub 2023 Apr 21.
  4. Shaw D, Abad R, Amin-Chowdhury Z, Bautista A, Bennett D, Broughton K, Cao B, Casanova C, Choi EH, Chu YW, Claus H, Coelho J, Corcoran M, Cottrell S, Cunney R, Cuypers L, Dalby T, Davies H, de Gouveia L, Deghmane AE, Demczuk W, Desmet S, Domenech M, Drew R, du Plessis M, Duarte C, Erlendsdóttir H, Fry NK, Fuursted K, Hale T, Henares D, Henriques-Normark B, Hilty M, Hoffmann S, Humphreys H, Ip M, Jacobsson S, Johnson C, Johnston J, Jolley KA, Kawabata A, Kozakova J, Kristinsson KG, Krizova P, Kuch A, Ladhani S, Lâm TT, León ME, Lindholm L, Litt D, Maiden MCJ, Martin I, Martiny D, Mattheus W, McCarthy ND, Meehan M, Meiring S, Mölling P, Morfeldt E, Morgan J, Mulhall R, Muñoz-Almagro C, Murdoch D, Murphy J, Musilek M, Mzabi A, Novakova L, Oftadeh S, Perez-Argüello A, Pérez-Vázquez M, Perrin M, Perry M, Prevost B, Roberts M, Rokney A, Ron M, Sanabria OM, Scott KJ, Sheppard C, Siira L, Sintchenko V, Skoczyńska A, Sloan M, Slotved HC, Smith AJ, Steens A, Taha MK, Toropainen M, Tzanakaki G, Vainio A, van der Linden MPG, van Sorge NM, Varon E, Vohrnova S, von Gottberg A, Yuste J, Zanella R, Zhou F, Brueggemann AB.. Trends in invasive bacterial diseases during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic: analyses of prospective surveillance data from 30 countries and territories in the IRIS Consortium. Lancet Digit Health. 2023 Sep;5(9):e582-e593. doi: 10.1016/S2589-7500(23)00108-5. Epub 2023 Jul 27.
  5. Yang J, Barua N, Rahman MN, Li C, Lo N, Yeong KY, Tsang TF, Yang X, Cheung YY, Tsang AKL, Chan RCW, Leung EC, Chan PKS, Ip M.. Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Variants Enzymatic Detection (SAVED) by CRISPR-Cas12a. Microbiol Spectr. 2022 Dec 21;10(6):e0326022. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03260-22. Epub 2022 Nov 7.
  6. Kwok KO, Wei WI, Ma BHM, Ip M, Cheung H, Hui E, Tang A, Mcneil EB, Wong SYS, Yeoh EK.. Antibiotic use among COVID-19 patients in Hong Kong, January 2018 to March 2021. J Infect. 2022 Jun;84(6):e129-e132. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.02.014. Epub 2022 Feb 17.
  7. Sapugahawatte DN, Li C, Dharmaratne P, Zhu C, Yeoh YK, Yang J, Lo NWS, Wong KT, Ip M.. Prevalence and Characteristics of Streptococcus agalactiae from Freshwater Fish and Pork in Hong Kong Wet Markets. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Mar 16;11(3):397. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11030397.
  8. Sapugahawatte DN, Li C, Liyanapathirana V, Kandauda C, Gihan C, Zhu C, Lo NWS, Wong KT, Ip M.. Colonization of Group B Streptococcus in Pregnant Women and Their Neonates from a Sri Lankan Hospital. Pathogens. 2022 Mar 23;11(4):386. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11040386.
  9. Brueggemann AB, Jansen van Rensburg MJ, Shaw D, McCarthy ND, Jolley KA, Maiden MCJ, van der Linden MPG, Amin-Chowdhury Z, Bennett DE, Borrow R, Brandileone MC, Broughton K, Campbell R, Cao B, Casanova C, Choi EH, Chu YW, Clark SA, Claus H, Coelho J, Corcoran M, Cottrell S, Cunney RJ, Dalby T, Davies H, de Gouveia L, Deghmane AE, Demczuk W, Desmet S, Drew RJ, du Plessis M, Erlendsdottir H, Fry NK, Fuursted K, Gray SJ, Henriques-Normark B, Hale T, Hilty M, Hoffmann S, Humphreys H, Ip M, Jacobsson S, Johnston J, Kozakova J, Kristinsson KG, Krizova P, Kuch A, Ladhani SN, Lâm TT, Lebedova V, Lindholm L, Litt DJ, Martin I, Martiny D, Mattheus W, McElligott M, Meehan M, Meiring S, Mölling P, Morfeldt E, Morgan J, Mulhall RM, Muñoz-Almagro C, Murdoch DR, Murphy J, Musilek M, Mzabi A, Perez-Argüello A, Perrin M, Perry M, Redin A, Roberts R, Roberts M, Rokney A, Ron M, Scott KJ, Sheppard CL, Siira L, Skoczyńska A, Sloan M, Slotved HC, Smith AJ, Song JY, Taha MK, Toropainen M, Tsang D, Vainio A, van Sorge NM, Varon E, Vlach J, Vogel U, Vohrnova S, von Gottberg A, Zanella RC, Zhou F.. Changes in the incidence of invasive disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis during the COVID-19 pandemic in 26 countries and territories in the Invasive Respiratory Infection Surveillance Initiative: a prospective analysis of surveillance data. Lancet Digit Health. 2021 Jun;3(6):e360-e370. doi: 10.1016/S2589-7500(21)00077-7.
  10. Spänig S, Eick L, Nuy JK, Beisser D, Ip M, Heider D, Boenigk J.. A multi-omics study on quantifying antimicrobial resistance in European freshwater lakes. Environ Int. 2021 Dec;157:106821. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106821. Epub 2021 Aug 14.
  11. Woh PY, Yeung MPS, Goggins WB 3rd, Lo N, Wong KT, Chow V, Chau KY, Fung K, Chen Z, Ip M.. Genomic Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Nontyphoidal Salmonella in Young Children Hospitalized for Gastroenteritis. Microbiol Spectr. 2021 Sep 3;9(1):e0024821. doi: 10.1128/Spectrum.00248-21. Epub 2021 Aug 4.
  12. Guo CLT, Kwong TNY, Mak JWY, Zhang L, Lui GCY, Wong GLH, Ip M, Yu J, Sung JJY, Wu WKK, Wong SH.. Trends in Incidence and Clinical Outcomes of Clostridioides difficile Infection, Hong Kong. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021 Dec;27(12):3036-44. doi: 10.3201/eid2712.203769.
  13. Subramanian R, Liyanapathirana V, Barua N, Sun R, Wang MH, Ng R, Nelson EAS, Hui DS, Ip M.. Persistence of Pneumococcal Serotype 3 in Adult Pneumococcal Disease in Hong Kong. Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Jul 7;9(7):756. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9070756.
  14. Yang J, Barua N, Rahman MN, Lo N, Tsang TF, Yang X, Chan PKS, Zhang L, Ip M.. Chimeric crRNA improves CRISPR-Cas12a specificity in the N501Y mutation detection of Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Mu variants of SARS-CoV-2. PLoS One. 2021 Dec 23;16(12):e0261778. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261778. eCollection 2021.
  15. Munasinghe T, Vidanapathirana G, Kuthubdeen S, Ekanayake A, Angulmaduwa S, De Silva K, Subhasinghe S, Kalupahana R, Liyanapathirana V, Ip M.. Colonization with selected antibiotic resistant bacteria among a cohort of Sri Lankan university students. BMC Infect Dis. 2021 Jun 15;21(1):578. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06289-z.
  16. Zhu C, Li C, Lai CKC, Ng R, Chau KY, Wong KT, Lo NWS, Barua N, Yang Y, Liyanapathirana V, Hui M, Lai RW, Fung KSC, Tsang DN, Ip M.. Longitudinal Genomic Characterization of Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) Reveals Changing Pattern of CPE Isolated in Hong Kong Hospitals. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2021 Nov;58(5):106430. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106430. Epub 2021 Sep 12.
  17. Barua N, Yang Y, Huang L, Ip M.. VraSR Regulatory System Contributes to the Virulence of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) in a 3D-Skin Model and Skin Infection of Humanized Mouse Model. Biomedicines. 2021 Dec 24;10(1):35. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10010035.
  18. Ho J, Yeoh YK, Barua N, Chen Z, Lui G, Wong SH, Yang X, Chan MC, Chan PK, Hawkey PM, Ip M.. Systematic review of human gut resistome studies revealed variable definitions and approaches. Gut Microbes. 2020 Nov 9;12(1):1700755. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1700755. Epub 2020 Jan 16.
  19. Sapugahawatte DN, Li C, Yeoh YK, Dharmaratne P, Zhu C, Ip M.. Swine methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying toxic-shock syndrome toxin gene in Hong Kong, China. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020 Dec;9(1):1534-1536. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1785335.
  20. Kong KY, Kwong TNY, Chan H, Wong K, Wong SSY, Chaparala AP, Chan RCY, Zhang L, Sung JJY, Yu J, Hawkey PM, Ip M, Wu WKK, Wong SH.. Biological characteristics associated with virulence in Clostridioides difficile ribotype 002 in Hong Kong. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020 Mar 17;9(1):631-638. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1739564. eCollection 2020.
  21. Ho J, Wong SH, Doddangoudar VC, Boost MV, Tse G, Ip M.. Regional differences in temporal incidence of Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Infect Control. 2020 Jan;48(1):89-94. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2019.07.005. Epub 2019 Aug 3.
  22. Wyres KL, Nguyen TNT, Lam MMC, Judd LM, van Vinh Chau N, Dance DAB, Ip M, Karkey A, Ling CL, Miliya T, Newton PN, Lan NPH, Sengduangphachanh A, Turner P, Veeraraghavan B, Vinh PV, Vongsouvath M, Thomson NR, Baker S, Holt KE.. Genomic surveillance for hypervirulence and multi-drug resistance in invasive Klebsiella pneumoniae from South and Southeast Asia. Genome Med. 2020 Jan 16;12(1):11. doi: 10.1186/s13073-019-0706-y.
  23. Li C, Sapugahawatte DN, Yang Y, Wong KT, Lo NWS, Ip M.. Multidrug-Resistant Streptococcus agalactiae Strains Found in Human and Fish with High Penicillin and Cefotaxime Non-Susceptibilities. Microorganisms. 2020 Jul 16;8(7):1055. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8071055.
  24. Kwok KO, Chan E, Chung PH, Tang A, Wei WI, Zhu C, Riley S, Ip M.. Prevalence and associated factors for carriage of Enterobacteriaceae producing ESBLs or carbapenemase and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Hong Kong community. J Infect. 2020 Aug;81(2):242-247. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.033. Epub 2020 May 21.
  25. Sapugahawatte DN, Li C, Zhu C, Dharmaratne P, Wong KT, Lo N, Ip M.. Prevalence and Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae from Freshwater Fish and Pork in Wet Markets of Hong Kong. mSphere. 2020 Apr 15;5(2):e00107-20. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00107-20.
  26. Steinig EJ, Duchene S, Robinson DA, Monecke S, Yokoyama M, Laabei M, Slickers P, Andersson P, Williamson D, Kearns A, Goering RV, Dickson E, Ehricht R, Ip M, O’Sullivan MVN, Coombs GW, Petersen A, Brennan G, Shore AC, Coleman DC, Pantosti A, de Lencastre H, Westh H, Kobayashi N, Heffernan H, Strommenger B, Layer F, Weber S, Aamot HV, Skakni L, Peacock SJ, Sarovich D, Harris S, Parkhill J, Massey RC, Holden MTG, Bentley SD, Tong SYC.. Evolution and Global Transmission of a Multidrug-Resistant, Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Lineage from the Indian Subcontinent. mBio. 2019 Nov 26;10(6):e01105-19. doi: 10.1128/mBio.01105-19
  27. Ho J, Ip M.. Antibiotic-Resistant Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2019 Dec;33(4):1087-1103. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2019.07.002.
  28. Yang Y, Luo M, Zhou H, Li C, Luk A, Zhao G, Fung K, Ip M.. Role of Two-Component System Response Regulator bceR in the Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence, Biofilm Formation, and Stress Response of Group B Streptococcus. Front Microbiol. 2019 Jan 23;10:10. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00010. eCollection 2019.
Publication (Vaccine Hesitancy)
  1. Leung CLK, Wei WI, Li KK, McNeil EB, Tang A, Wong SYS, Kwok KO. Revisiting Vaccine Hesitancy in Residential Care Homes for the Elderly for Pandemic Preparedness: A Lesson from COVID-19. Vaccines. 2023 Nov 8;11(11). doi: 10.3390/vaccines11111700
  2. Leung CLK, Li KK, In Wei W, Tam W, McNeil EB, Tang A, Wong SYS, Kwok KO. Temporal variations of vaccine hesitancy amid the COVID-19 outbreaks in Hong Kong. Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2023 Aug 7; doi: 10.1111/aphw.12480 ● Kwok KO, Li KK, Leung CLK, Tang A, Chan EYY, Tsoi MTF, Wei WI, McNeil EB, Wong SYS. The way forward to achieve high COVID-19 vaccination and revaccination coverage in a city amid a period of tranquility. Front Public Health. 2022 Sep 14;10:935243. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.935243
  3. Kwok KO, Li KK, Wei WI, Fong Tsoi MT, Tang A, Lam HS, McNeil EB, Shan Wong SY. Likelihood of COVID-19 vaccination among primary school students in Hong Kong. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022 Jan;28(1):142–4. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.09.029
  4. Zhang D, Zhou W, Poon PKM, Kwok KO, Chui TWS, Hung PHY, Ting BYT, Chan DCC, Wong SYS. Vaccine Resistance and Hesitancy among Older Adults Who Live Alone or Only with an Older Partner in Community in the Early Stage of the Fifth Wave of COVID-19 in Hong Kong. Vaccines. 2022 Jul 13;10(7). doi: 10.3390/vaccines10071118
  5. Li KK, Chan MWH, Lee SS, Kwok KO. The mediating roles of social benefits and social influence on the relationships between collectivism, power distance, and influenza vaccination among Hong Kong nurses: A cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2019 Nov;99:103359. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.05.007
  6. Leung CLK, Li KK, Wei VWI, Tang A, Wong SYS, Lee SS, Kwok KO. Profiling vaccine believers and skeptics in nurses: A latent profile analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2022 Feb;126:104142. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.104142
  7. Kwok KO, Li KK, Tang A, Tsoi MTF, Chan EYY, Tang JWT, Wong A, Wei WI, Wong SYS. Psychobehavioral Responses and Likelihood of Receiving COVID-19 Vaccines during the Pandemic, Hong Kong. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021 Jul;27(7):1802–10. doi: 10.3201/eid2707.210054
  8. Kwok KO, Li KK, Wei WI, Tang A, Wong SYS, Lee SS. Influenza vaccine uptake, COVID-19 vaccination intention and vaccine hesitancy among nurses: A survey. Int J Nurs Stud. 2021 Feb;114:103854. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103854
 
Publication (Infection Prevention)
  1. Lau EHY, Wong IOL, Ip DKM, Kwok KO, Cowling BJ. Symptom-specific health-seeking behaviour for common infectious diseases and implications in disease control and surveillance: abridged secondary publication. Hong Kong Med J. 2021 Jun;27 Suppl 2(3):44–7.
  2. Kim JH, Kwok KO, Huang Z, Poon PKM, Hung KKC, Wong SYS, Chan EYY. A longitudinal study of COVID-19 preventive behavior fatigue in Hong Kong: a city with previous pandemic experience. BMC Public Health. 2023 Mar 31;23(1):618.
  3. Chan EYY, Kim JH, Kwok K, Huang Z. Population adherence to infection control behaviors during Hong Kong’s first and third COVID-19 waves: a serial cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021
  4. Kwok KO, Lai FY, Wei VW, Tsoi MT, Wong SY, Tang JW. Comparing the impact of various interventions to control the spread of COVID-19 in twelve countries. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2020 Sep 1;106(1):214-6.
  5. Yang Chan EY, Shahzada TS, Sham TST, Dubois C, Huang Z, Liu S, Ho JYE, Hung KKC, Kwok KO, Shaw R. Narrative review of non-pharmaceutical behavioural measures for the prevention of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) based on the Health-EDRM framework. Br Med Bull. 2020 Dec 15;136(1):46–87. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldaa030
  6. Bowman L, Kwok KO, Redd R, Yi Y, Ward H, Wei WI, Atchison C, Wong SY. Comparing public perceptions and preventive behaviors during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong and the United Kingdom: cross-sectional survey study. Journal of medical Internet research. 2021 Mar 8;23(3):e23231.
  7. Bo Y, Guo C, Lin C, Zeng Y, Li HB, Zhang Y, Hossain MS, Chan JWM, Yeung DW, Kwok KO, Wong SYS, Lau AKH, Lao XQ. Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 transmission in 190 countries from 23 January to 13 April 2020. Int J Infect Dis. 2021 Jan;102:247–53. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.066
  8. Bowman L, Kwok KO, Redd R, Yi Y, Ward H, Wei WI, Atchison C, Wong SYS. Comparing public perceptions and preventive behaviors during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong and the United Kingdom: Cross-sectional survey study. J Med Internet Res. 2021 Mar 8;23(3):e23231. doi: 10.2196/23231
 
Publication (Serology)
  1. Cowling BJ, Peiris JSM, Kwok KO. Influenza virus infections in Hong Kong in 2013-14: A community-based longitudinal seroepidemiological study. Hong Kong Med J. 2019 Oct;25 Suppl 7(5):23–6.
  2. Luo Y, Lv H, Zhao S, Sun Y, Liu C, Chen C, Liang W, Kwok KO, Teo QW, So RT, Lin Y, Deng Y, Li B, Dai Z, Zhu J, Zhang D, Fernando J, Wu NC, Tun HM, Bruzzone R, Mok CK, Mu X. Age-related seroprevalence trajectories of seasonal coronaviruses in children including neonates in Guangzhou, China. Int J Infect Dis. 2023 Feb;127:26–32. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.11.044
  3. Quandelacy TM, Cummings DAT, Jiang CQ, Yang B, Kwok KO, Dai B, Shen R, Read JM, Zhu H, Guan Y, Riley S, Lessler J. Using serological measures to estimate influenza incidence in the presence of secular trends in exposure and immuno-modulation of antibody response. Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 2021 Mar;15(2):235–44. doi: 10.1111/irv.12807
  4. Wei VWI, Wong JYT, Perera RAPM, Kwok KO, Fang VJ, Barr IG, Peiris JSM, Riley S, Cowling BJ. Incidence of influenza A(H3N2) virus infections in Hong Kong in a longitudinal sero-epidemiological study, 2009-2015. PLoS One . 2018 May 24;13(5):e0197504. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197504
  5. Bird P, Badhwar V, Fallon K, Kwok KO, Tang JW. High SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in respiratory staff nurses and correlation of COVID-19 symptom patterns with PCR positivity and relative viral loads. J Infect. 2020 Sep;81(3):452–82. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.035
  6. Truelove S, Zhu H, Lessler J, Riley S, Read JM, Wang S, Kwok KO, Guan Y, Jiang CQ, Cummings DAT. A comparison of hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization assays for characterizing immunity to seasonal influenza A. Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 2016 Nov;10(6):518–24. doi: 10.1111/irv.12408
  7. Mok CKP, Cohen CA, Cheng SMS, Chen C, Kwok KO, Yiu K, Chan TO, Bull M, Ling KC, Dai Z, Ng SS, Lui GCY, Wu C, Amarasinghe GK, Leung DW, Wong SYS, Valkenburg SA, Peiris JSM, Hui DSC. Comparison of the immunogenicity of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccines in Hong Kong: An observational cohort study. SSRN Electron J. 2021
 
Publication (AMR Surveillance)
  1. Tang A, Kwok KO, Wei VWI, Chen H, Wong SYS, Tam WWS. Synergistic Effect of Combination Interventions for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Transmission Control in Nursing Homes: A Computation Modelling Evaluation with Heterogeneous Contact Mixing. Antibiotics. 2021 Feb 24;10(3). doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10030227
  2. Kwok KO, Chan E, Chung PH, Tang A, Wei WI, Zhu C, Riley S, Ip M. Prevalence and associated factors for carriage of Enterobacteriaceae producing ESBLs or carbapenemase and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Hong Kong community. J Infect. 2020 Aug;81(2):242–7. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.033
  3. Kwok KO, Read JM, Tang A, Chen H, Riley S, Kam KM. A systematic review of transmission dynamic studies of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in non-hospital residential facilities. BMC Infect Dis. 2018 Apr 18;18(1):188. doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-3060-6
  4. Wong JW, Ip M, Tang A, Wei VW, Wong SY, Riley S, Read JM, Kwok KO. Prevalence and risk factors of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage in Asia-Pacific region from 2000 to 2016: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Epidemiol. 2018 Oct 12;10:1489–501. doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S160595
 
Publication (Transmission Model)
  1. Kwok KO, Wan In W, Huang Y, Wong A, Tang A, Wong SYS. Estimation of early phase local-to-local transmissibility and importation hazard of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic under assorted containment measures in Hong Kong. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2022 Jan-Feb;45:102226. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102226
  2. Kwok KO, Leung GM, Riley S. Modelling the proportion of influenza infections within households during pandemic and non-pandemic years. PLoS One. 2011 Jul 14;6(7):e22089. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022089
  3. Kwok KO, Davoudi B, Riley S, Pourbohloul B. Early real-time estimation of the basic reproduction number of emerging or reemerging infectious diseases in a community with heterogeneous contact pattern: Using data from Hong Kong 2009 H1N1 Pandemic Influenza as an illustrative example, PLoS One. 2015
  4. Kwok KO, Wei WI, Tang A, Wong SYS, Tang JW. Estimation of local transmissibility in the early phase of monkeypox epidemic in 2022. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022 Dec;28(12):1653.e1–1653.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.06.025
  5. Yuan HY, Baguelin M, Kwok KO, Arinaminpathy N, van Leeuwen E, Riley S. The impact of stratified immunity on the transmission dynamics of influenza. Epidemics. 2017 Sep;20:84–93. doi: 10.1016/j.epidem.2017.03.003
  6. Kwok KO, Cowling B, Wei V, Riley S, Read JM. Temporal variation of human encounters and the number of locations in which they occur: a longitudinal study of Hong Kong residents. J R Soc Interface. 2018 Jan;15(138). doi: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0838
  7. Kwok KO, Leung GM, Lam WY, Riley S. Using models to identify routes of nosocomial infection: a large hospital outbreak of SARS in Hong Kong. Proc Biol Sci. 2007 Mar 7;274(1610):611–7. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2006.0026
  8. Mousa A, Winskill P, Watson OJ, Ratmann O, Monod M, Ajelli M, Diallo A, Dodd PJ, Grijalva CG, Kiti MC, Krishnan A, Kumar R, Kumar S, Kwok KO, Lanata CF, de Waroux OLP, Leung K, Mahikul W, Melegaro A, Morrow CD, Mossong J, Neal EF, Nokes DJ, Pan-Ngum W, Potter GE, Russell FM, Saha S, Sugimoto JD, Wei WI, Wood RR, Wu J, Zhang J, Walker P, Whittaker C. Social contact patterns and implications for infectious disease transmission – a systematic review and meta-analysis of contact surveys. Elife. 2021 Nov 25;10. doi: 10.7554/eLife.70294
  9. Kwok KO, Chan HHH, Huang Y, Hui DSC, Tambyah PA, Wei WI, Chau PYK, Wong SYS, Tang JWT. Inferring super-spreading from transmission clusters of COVID-19 in Hong Kong, Japan, and Singapore. J Hosp Infect. 2020 Aug;105(4):682–5. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.05.027
  10. Kwok KO, Tang A, Wei VWI, Park WH, Yeoh EK, Riley S. Epidemic Models of Contact Tracing: Systematic Review of Transmission Studies of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2019 Jan 26;17:186–94. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.01.003

Publication (AMR Psychology and Antibiotic Use)
  1. Kwok KO, Wei WI, Ma BHM, Ip M, Cheung H, Hui E, Tang A, Mcneil EB, Wong SYS, Yeoh EK. Antibiotic use among COVID-19 patients in Hong Kong, January 2018 to March 2021. J Infect. 2022 Jun;84(6):e129–32. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.02.014
  2. Wong VWY, Huang Y, Wei WI, Wong SYS, Kwok KO. Approaches to multidrug-resistant organism prevention and control in long-term care facilities for older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2022 Jan 15;11(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s13756-021-01044-0
  1. Ye J, Kan CH, Zheng Y, Tsang TF, Chu AJ, Yang X, Ma C. Sulfonamidyl derivatives of sigmacidin: Protein-protein interaction inhibitors targeting bacterial RNA polymerase and sigma factor interaction exhibiting antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. 2023; DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106983
  2. Ye J, Yang X, Ma C. Ligand-Based Drug Design of Novel Antimicrobials against Staphylococcus aureus by Targeting Bacterial Transcription. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(1):339.
  3. Chan RWY, Tao KP, Ye J, Lui KKY, Yang X, Ma C, Chan PKS. Inhibition of Influenza Virus Replication by Oseltamivir Derivatives. Pathogens. 2022; 11(2):237.
  4. Qiu Y, Chu AJ, Tsang TF, Zheng Y, Lam NM, Li KSL, Ip M, Yang X, Ma C. Synthesis and biological evaluation of nusbiarylin derivatives as bacterial rRNA synthesis inhibitor with potent antimicrobial activity against MRSA and VRSA. Bioorganic Chemistry. 2022; 124:105863.
  5. Ye J, Yang X, Ma C. QSAR, Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies of Sigmacidins as Antimicrobials against Streptococci. International journal of molecular sciences. 2022; 23(8):4085.
  6. Lyu Y, Lin L, Xie Y, Li D, Xiao M, Zhang Y, Cheung SCK, Shaw PC, Yang X, Chan PKS, Kong APS, Zuo Z. Blood-glucose-lowering effect of Coptidis Rhizoma Extracts from different origins via gut microbiota modulation in db/db mice. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2021; 12:1455.
  7. Ye J, Lin L, Xu J, Chan PKS, Yang X, Ma C. Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and In Silico Studies of Pyrazole-Based NH2-Acyl Oseltamivir Analogues as Potent Neuraminidase Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals. 2021; 14(4):371.
  8. Chu AJ, Qiu Y, Harper R, Lin L, Cong Ma *, Yang X*. Nusbiarylins inhibit transcription and target virulence factors in bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(16), 5772.
  9. Ye J, Chu AJ, Lin L, Chan ST, Harper R, Xiao M, Artsimovitch I, Zuo Z, Ma C*, Yang X*. Benzyl and Benzoyl Benzoic Acid Inhibitors of Bacterial RNA Polymerase-Sigma Factor Interaction. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2020; 208, 112671.
  10. Ye J, Chu AJ, Harper R, Chan ST, Shek TL, Zhang Y, Ip M, Sambir M, Artsimovitch I, Zuo Z, Yang X*, Ma C*. Discovery of Antibacterials that Inhibit Bacterial RNA Polymerase Interactions with Sigma Factors. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2020; 63(14): 7695-7720. Supplementary cover article.
  11. Ho J, Yeoh YK, Barua N, Chen Z, Lui G, Wong SH, Yang X, Chan MC, Chan PK, Hawkey PM, Ip M. Systematic review of human gut resistome studies revealed variable definitions and approaches. Gut Microbes. 2020; 1-12.
  12. Ye J, Chu AJ, Lin L, Yang X*, Ma C*. First-In-Class Inhibitors Targeting the Interaction between Bacterial RNA Polymerase and Sigma Initiation Factor Affect the Viability and Toxin Release of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Molecules. 2019; 24(16):2902.
  13. Ye J, Yang X, Xu M, Chan PK, Ma C. Novel N-Substituted oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, ADME prediction and molecular docking studies. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2019; 182:111635.
  14. Qiu Y, Chan ST, Lin L, Shek TL, Tsang TF, Zhang Y, Ip M, Chan PK, Blanchard N, Hanquet G, Zuo Z, Yang X*, Ma C*. Nusbiarylins, a new class of antimicrobial agents: Rational design of bacterial transcription inhibitors targeting the interaction between the NusB and NusE proteins. Bioorganic Chemistry. 2019; 92:103203.
  15. Lyu Y, Zhang Y, Yang M, Lin L, Yang X, Cheung SCK, Shaw PC, Chan PKS, Kong APS, Zuo Z. Pharmacokinetic interactions between metformin and berberine in rats: Role of oral administration sequences and microbiota. Life Sci. 2019; 235:116818.
  16. Qiu Y, Chan ST, Lin L, Shek TL, Tsang TF, Barua N, Zhang Y, Ip M, Chan PK, Blanchard N, Hanquet G, Zuo Z*, Yang X*, Ma C*. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of antimicrobial diarylimine and -amine compounds targeting the interaction between the bacterial NusB and NusE proteins. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2019; 178:214-231.
  17. Tsang TF, Qiu Y, Lin L, Ye JQ, Ma C*, Yang X*. A simple method for studying in vitro protein-protein interactions based on luciferase complementation and its application in drug screening targeting bacterial transcription. ACS Infectious Diseases. 2019; 5(4):521-527. Supplementary cover article.
  18. Yang X, Luo MJ, Yeung ACM, Lewis PJ, Chan PKS, Ip M, Ma C. First-In-Class Inhibitor of Ribosomal RNA Synthesis with Antimicrobial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Biochemistry. 2017; 56(38):5049-5052.
  19. Wenholz DS, Zeng M, Ma C, Mielczarek M, Yang X, Bhadbhade M, Black DSC, Lewis PJ, Griffith R, Kumar N. Small molecule inhibitors of bacterial transcription complex formation. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 2017; 27(18):4302-4308.
  20. Bi Y, Liu XX, Zhang HY, Yang X, Liu ZY, Lu J, Lewis PJ, Wang CZ, Xu JY, Meng QG, Ma C, Yuan CS. Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of Novel 3-Substituted Ocotillol-Type Derivatives as Leads. Molecules. 2017; 22(4). pii: E590.

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